Helen Simpson is a Reader in Economics at the Centre for Market and Public Organisation, University of Bristol and a Research Fellow at the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), London. Her research covers the empirical analysis of firm location decisions, productivity, innovation and foreign direct investment. She is an Associate Editor of the Journal of the European Economic Association. She has acted as an Academic Associate of the HM Treasury Productivity Team and as an Academic Expert for DG Research, European Commission. Previously, she was Director of the IFS Productivity and Innovation Research Programme and was an Editor of Fiscal Studies and of the IFS Green Budget.